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- %OP%VS4.1283 (06-Apr-92), Colton Software, R4000 2029 4983 8986
-
- %OP%PL55
- %OP%TM2
- %OP%BM2
- %OP%LM5
- %OP%FS0
- %OP%WC50,1296,424,1364,0,0,0,0
- %CO:A,12,72%
- %C%%H2%PipeDream 4 Charts
-
- This file gives details of PipeDream's charts and applies to PipeDream
- version 4.12 and later versions. It contains a description of the
- charts you can create with PipeDream with hints on how to create them.
- More explicit descriptions of building chart types are given in the
- sub-directories within this directory.
-
- %H2%General
-
- PipeDream 4 provides powerful and flexible charting capability of
- numerical information. The charts are dynamic; that is, when the
- numbers they are based on change within PipeDream, the charts
- automatically update to take account of the changes. This provides
- extremely useful what-if type usage enabling you to investigate how
- different data affects a trend.
-
- Like other aspects of PipeDream the volume of data you can chart is
- limited not by PipeDream but by aspects of your system resources. For
- example the number of charts you can make, the number of series within
- each chart and the number of points within each series are all limited
- not by PipeDream but by (i) the amount of memory in your computer, (ii)
- if you are using RISC OS 2 the number of windows on the screen and
- (iii) the amount of time spent redrawing the chart. This last point
- isn't to imply PipeDream's charts are slow - at exhibitions people
- frequently think that our demonstration computers are using an ARM 3
- processor when they aren't - but if you expecting PipeDream to draw
- hundreds or thousands of 3D bars you will have to wait a little while
- for it to finish.
-
- %H2%Flexibility
-
- PipeDream's charts are very flexible in other ways. You can add new
- data series to, or remove existing data series from, your charts at
- any time. This enables you to chart data coming from different parts
- of your spreadsheet or even from different spreadsheets.
-
- You also have control over the appearance of each element of the chart.
- For any element of the chart containing text, you can specify the font
- style, size and colour of the text individually. You can also change
- the colour and line styles of any graphic of the chart. In the
- rectangular areas of the bars in bar charts, and the chart background
- you can specify any draw file or sprite to give extra customisation.
- This feature provides the famous penguin graphics and, before you ask,
- you can use any draw file instead of the penguins. Many people have
- asked "Why Penguins?". Well, why not? The real answer is to be found
- in an excellent book called "DTP Seeds" published by 4mation at Linden
- Lea, Rock Park, Barnstaple, Devon EX39 2AQ which is well worth every
- penny of its £8.45 cost.
-
- %C%%H2%Overlays
-
- PipeDream's charts bring overlays to the Archimedes. These enable you
- to plot two different types of chart at the same time. For example as
- part of your geography studies you may wish to plot a bar chart of
- rainfall over a particular period together with a line chart of mean
- temperatures. You would do this using overlays.
-
- You could also use overlays to plot one data series on a linear axis
- together with another data series on a parallel logarithmic axis.
-
-
- %C%%H2%Principles of operation
-
- There are three simple principles of operation in PipeDream charts.
- When you have grasped each of these you will find using the charts easy
- and natural.
-
- 1. Specify the chart data. To do this simply mark a block within your
- PipeDream document and select New chart from the Chart menu. This will
- give you your default chart in the %H4%Chart editing window.
-
- 2. Specify the chart type. To do this bring up the chart menu within
- the chart editing window. Slide across to the Gallery sub-menu where
- you will see entries for Pie, Bar, Line and Scatter galleries. Click
- on one of these and PipeDream will display the gallery for the chart
- type. The gallery is a dialogue box which presents a set of icons
- showing different chart types. Click on any of these icons and
- PipeDream will redisplay the chart in that type.
-
- Also within the galleries are a number of switches. For example, the
- bar and line galleries contain a 3D switch. You can change the switch
- settings and these will be taken into account when PipeDream next
- redraws the chart. You can force PipeDream to redraw the chart without
- losing the gallery by clicking OK with the Adjust button.
-
- The bar, line and scatter galleries have an extended set of switches
- which you can reveal by clicking on the full-size icon in the top-right
- of the gallery. These extended switches enable you to switch on or off
- other attributes such as line of best fit. Whilst these provide
- powerful fine-tuning they can be safely ignored by beginners to the
- charts.
-
- 3. Customize parts of the chart. To do this make a selection within
- the chart and then apply something to it. To make a selection, point
- at it and click the Select button. Users of !Draw will find this very
- easy. The current selection is named in the top-left of the chart
- editing window. Many operations can then be chosen from the Selection
- sub-menu. For example, colour, line and text styles can be chosen from
- here. You can also change many attributes of an axis in the Axis
- dialogue box.
-
- To select a whole series of data, click with the Select button on one
- of the data elements. To select just a single point within the series,
- click with the Adjust button on it. If you have a data series selected
- you can change its attributes using either the Series dialogue box on
- the Selection sub-menu, or by making selections in one of the
- galleries.
-
- If you cannot select any particular element of the chart because it is
- hidden by another element, click in the top-left of the chart editing
- window where the selected element is named. Clicking Select here will
- select the next type of element. Clicking Adjust here will clear the
- selection.
-
- To bring pictures in to the chart, select the chart elements you want
- the picture to fill and drag in a draw file from a directory viewer.
- For example, if you select the plot area and drag a draw file,
- PipeDream will display the draw as a backdrop to your chart. Very
- impressive displays can be made using this technique. At Colton
- Software we often use the file called BackDrop which is provided in the
- Worldcup directory.
-
- Similarly with Penguin Graphics. Make your first Penguin Graph by
- selecting one of the two penguin icons in the bar gallery and switching
- off 3D. Then select either a whole series or a single data point and
- drag in a draw file to fill the data points with the new picture. Some
- suitable pictures are provided in the Pictures directory on this disc.
- Flags are very good for using in stacked penguin charts.
-
- Points within line and scatter charts are also specified by draw files
- which you can supply. Select a point or a series and drag a draw file
- into the window.
-
- The pictures that PipeDream uses as defaults are in the directories
- !PipeDream.Pictures and !PipeDream.Markers . The Pictures directory
- contains the pictures for the Penguin graphics. Series 1 is file S1,
- Series 2 is S2 and so on. The Markers directory contains the pictures
- for line and scatter charts using the same convention. If you wish to
- change the default pictures for these charts, simply replace the files
- S1, S2, and so on with your own draw files.
-
- If you wish to specify draw files on a point by point basis, rather
- than a line by line basis, specify S1P1 for Series 1 Point 1, S1P2 for
- Series 1 Point 2, and so on.
-
-
- %C%%H2%Learning to use charts
-
- Two directories are provided to help you learn how to create and modify
- PipeDream's charts. These are 1_3Dbars and 2_Penguins. Start by
- loading the Rainfall file from 1_3Dbars and follow the instructions.
- You will learn how to create a chart, select its chart-type and how to
- modify it.
-
- After Rainfall move on the the file Penguins file in 2_Penguins. This
- will show you how to create your own Penguin graphics.
-
- When you have been through both of these little tutorials you will have
- learnt the main principles of PipeDream's charts. From here the best
- thing is to experiment with different charts. Load the Rainfall file
- again, or create a table of your own data, and investigate different
- chart types from the galleries. Make selections and investigate all of
- the options on the selection menu. Investigate the Axis dialogue box
- for both the x-axis (Axis 1) and the y-axis (Axis 2). This contains
- many of the options such as grid lines, logarithmic scales, tick points
- and axis positioning which you can use to provide the finishing touches
- to your charts.
-
- Try also the world cup chart. This might be a good starting point for
- you to make a chart for the BBC Acorn User competition...
-
-
- %C%%H2%Making your own data table
-
- When making your own table of numbers to use for making charts remember
- these rules:
-
- 1. Use the first row for your series headings and the first column for
- your data labels.
-
- 2. Make sure that the numbers that you want to plot are all in number
- slots. If a number is in a number slot it will normally appear right
- aligned in the slot and with two decimal places like this:
-
- %V%%R%23
- %V%%R%1234
-
- However, if the numbers are in text slots they will appear left
- justified and without any decimal places unless you have typed them
- yourself, like this:
-
- 23
- 1234
-
- If PipeDream cannot find any number slots in the block that you specify
- it will give you the message "There is no numeric data in the marked
- block. Do you want to continue?" This is usually a sign that you need
- to put your data in number slots and try again.
-
- To put a single number in a number slot, move the caret to the slot,
- press F2 and then press RETURN. Alternatively, click with the mouse in
- the formula line at the top of the window and then click on the green
- tick, or press RETURN.
-
- If you want to enter a lot of numbers in number slots, bring up the
- Options dialogue box from the Files menu, and select New slot format:
- numbers. When you now type numbers in they will automatically be
- entered in numeric slots.
-
- If you want to start a new document as a spreadsheet, select Numbers
- from the New document menu from the PipeDream icon bar menu.
-
- Finally if you want to convert a block of text slots into numeric
- slots, or vice versa, mark the block and select Number <> Text
- (Ctrl BNT) from the blocks menu.
- %CO:B,12,60%%CO:C,12,48%%CO:D,12,36%%CO:E,12,24%%CO:F,12,12%